Amusement ride



Oct. 7, 19 47.

N. BARTLETT AMUSEMENT RIDE 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 I: FIG. J

T F 1 5 P I 67- cc. '75 73 8 68 Jfgse 47 1o 0 7| M 494" I n i-n 54 53'6O 1 4s 'e F165 62 5 [Ni EN TOR. NORMAN BARTLETT Oct. 7, 1947. N. BAIRTLETT 2,428,607

' AMUSEMENT RIDE I Filed July 13, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.

NORMAN BARTLETT Oct. 7, 1947. N. BARTLETT 2,423,607

' AMUSEMENT RIDE Filed July 13, 1944 5 Shuts-Sheet s mmvron NozgwmBARTLETT Ot. 7, 947. N. BARTLETT 2,423,607

AMUSEMENT RIDE Filed July 1:5, 1944 5 Sheets-SheetA 1N VEN TOR. NglsMANBARTLETT Patented Oct. 7, 1947 AMUSEMENT RIDE Norman Bartlett, NorthTonawanda, N. Y., as-

signor of one-half to M Tonawanda, N. Y.

arjorie Bartlett, North Application July 13, 1944, Serial No. 544,731

17 Claims.

This invention relates to amusement rides and particularly to a ride ofthe general type where one or more passenger carriers pursue acontinuous circular course.

In its fundamental aspect of novelty the pres ent invention provides acircular trackway which is normally stationary but which is mounted forguided upward movement upon any rotational movement of the trackway fromits normal position. Further, means are provided for imparting forces tothe trackway tending to rotate the same on an axis substantiallycoincident with the axis of the circle defining the trackway.

In one form of the invention shown herein by Way of example therotational forces referred to above are imparted to the trackway byutilizing the momentum of one or more passenger cars supported by thetrackway, such momentum being arranged to produce track-rotating forcesby acceleration and deceleration of the car or cars. In another formillustrated and described in the present specification the trackwayitself is swung directly by suitable drive means and in such form theswinging of the trackway may serve as the means of locomotion of apassenger car or cars supported by the trackway.

A clearer understanding of the novel underlying principles of thepresent invention will be had from a study of the embodiments thereofdescribed in detail hereinafter and illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. It is to be understood, however, that the examples set forthare merely illustrative and that many modifications and variations maybe introduced without departing from the teachings of this invention,the spirit and scope of which is limited only as defined in the appendedclaims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary top plan view of one form of the amusement rideof the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view through the right hand side of thegenerally annular frame work of Fig, 1 on an enlarged scale and withportions broken away;

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional View of the car and track means viewed as inFig. 2 but on a still further enlarged scale and taken through aselfpropelling car;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a passenger carryingcar;

Fig, 5 is a partly schematic top plan View of a car of the apparatus ofFigs. 1 through 4, which is self-propelling and may be employed forpropelling the cars connected therewith;

Fig. 6 is a view taken similarly to Fig, 2 of another form of the rideof the present invention; and

Fig. '7 is a diagrammatic top plan view of the central drive portion ofthe ride of Fig. 6.

Throughout the several figures of the drawings like characters ofreference denote like parts and the numeral 10 designates generally arigid triangular frame element or truss which is one of a series ofsimilar circularly arranged frame elements, each disposed in a verticalradial plane, with respect to the general axis of the apparatus. Eachtruss or frame element l0 comprises inner and outer uprights l l and I2rigidly secured at their upper ends, as by Welding, and a lowerconnecting element l3, likewise secured as a rigid part of the truss orframe element.

The several radially disposed and annularly arranged frame elements areconnected by detachable circumferentially extending braces I4, I 5 andI6 and suitable diagonal braces are indicated at IT and I8 in Figs. 1and 2, The specific forms of the detachable connections of the braces l4through I 8 are well known to those skilled in the art to which thepresent invention pertains.

Each frame element l0 rigidly supports an arm 20 which projects radiallyoutwardly therefrom in the vicinity of the upper end of the frameelement. Each arm 20, in turn, supports a pair of spaced coaxialbearings 2i and 22, the purpose of which will presently appear. In Fig.2 the numeral 25 designates generally a rigid triangular frame elementwhich depends from a projecting arm 20 and is adapted to be swung aboutthe bearings 2| and 22. Each of the swinging frames 25 comprises a pairof uprights 26 and 27 and a top cross member 28, all welded or otherwiserigidly secured into a unitary whole. The frames 25 may be reinforcedwith suitable cross and diagonal bracing as indicated in Fig. 2.

At its upper end each frame 25 has pivotal connection with the bearings2| and 22 by means of bearings 29 and 30 which are rigidly secured toeach frame 25. Each frame 25 is thus arranged to sWing in a planegenerally tangent to a common circle. Actually, because of theinclination of the pivot axis, the line described by the lower end ofeach swinging frame is curved as viewed in plan, and such pathaccordingly more closely follows the general common circle,

A rigid annular trackway is designated generally 3| and is supported atvarious points thereabout by the swinging frames 25. To this end eachframe 25 has a radially projecting member trated in Figs. 6 and n b 32which terminates in a bearing 33. The trackway 3| may comprise a rigidannulus of any desired form. As shown indetail in Fig. 3 the trackway isof inverted box section and has rigidly secured therein a bearing 34which accommodates a vertical journal 35. The journal 35 has a pair ofspaced depending bearing brackets 35.

A pair of links 31 connect pivotally between the lower ends of brackets35 and bearing 33, the former connection being lowermost whereby theentire annular trackway and its everal depending brackets 33automatically center themselves with respect to the ride framework underthe force of gravity, It is to be understood that the several frames 25must swing in unison and that such swinging in effect raises and lowersthe entire trackway without disturbing its condition of concentricity.The manner in which the swinging of the arms is produced may vary andseveral 'ways of swinging the arms are disclosed herein. In any event,the synchronous swinging of the several arms results in successiveraising and lowering of the trackway.

Any number of cars may be mounted for movement about the trackway. Inthe illustrated instance a continuous series of articulated cars isindicated schematically at 40 in Fig. 1. A unit car of such series isshown'in elevation at Al in Fig. 4.

The passenger carrying cars all have freely rotat'able wheels M forengagement with spaced parallel rails 45 which extend about the annulartrackway 3|. In the form of the present invention illustrated in Figs.'1 through the prime mover means is associated with one or more of thecars on the trackway, while in the form illus- 7 the prime mover meansis stationary and acts to directly swing the track supporting arms.Referring to Figs. 3 and 5, the numeral 46 designates a power operatedcar which in the illustrated instance is remotely controlled and neednot be employed for the carrying of passengers.

Each power ca 45 has a driving axle -i'| having wheels 48 fixed theretofor engagement with the rails 55 and, in addition, has fixed thereto adriving sprocket 59. The driving sprocket 49 is in meshing engagementwith a stationary rack or spur track 50 which is secured to and extendsabout the trackway 3|. While various forms of rack or spur track may beemployed, the one illustrated comprises merely a circularly extendingchannel having appropriately pitched pins extending transversely throughits flanges for meshin engagement'between the teeth of the sprocket 49.

Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of a driving car 46. It will be seenfrom Fi 5 that the driving axle 41 is driven from a countershaft 53 by achain and sprocket connection 54 and the countershaft 53 is in turnconnected to the crankshaft 55 of an internal combustion engine 55 by aChain and sprocket connection 51.

During normal operation of the ride of Figs. 1 through 5 it is desiredthat the engine 55 operate at a fairly constant speed to avoid thenecessity for sudden acceleration. For this reason it is necessary toprovide a throttle control having only two operating positions, anidling position and a running position. Cessation of engine op erationmay obviously be effected by cutting the engine ignition circuit. InFig. 5 the numeral 35 designate an intake manifold having the usuallybutterfly throttle valve 6| and a valve arm 62. The numeral 63designates an electromagnet whose armature 64 is connected with arm 32whereby energization of electromagnet 63 opens the throttle valve 5| torunning position. The valve is normally urged to its illustrated-idlingposition by a compression coil spring 65.

The countershaf-t 53 has interposed therein a centrifugal clutch 61 anda vacuum controlled clutch 58. Countershaft 53 is also provided with abrake 'iil which may be of conventional construction and provided withan electromagnet 1| for applying braking force. The vacuum clutch 68 isengageable by the application of subatmospheric pressure thereto and tothis end a conduit 13 extends to the intake manifold 60 of engine Asolenoid valve 15 controls energization of clutch 68 by selectiveelectrical energization of the solenoid valve winding. The centrifugalclutch 61, vacuum operated clutch 68, and the brake 18 are allconventional commercially available units and their detailedconstructions 'accordingly do not need to trated. 1

Provision is made for controlling the move ments of car 46, andaccordingly controlling the movements of all of the cars 40, on thetrackway 3|, from a remote point. In this way it is not necessary for anoperator to be the cars during operation. Referring to Fig, 3, fourcurrent carrying conductors designated 8| through extend in circularspaced concentric arrangement about the rails 45. The four conductorsare insulated from the supporting trackway 3| and from each other by anannular support member 85 of insulating material. The power car or cars46 carry conducting brushes, one for continuous engagement with each 'ofthe conductors 8| through 84, and the brush in contact with conductor 84is indicated fragmentarily at 83in Fig. 3. V

The brush (not shown) of conductor 8| may be electrically connected,inany desired manner, to the throttle electromagnetfili. The brush (notshown) of conductor '82 may be electrically connected in any desiredmanner to the clutch controlling electromagnet T5. The brush (not shown)of conductor 83 may be electrically connected, in any desired manner, tothe brake setting electromagnet H. The return conductors from all threeof the foregoing electromagnets may lead to brush 85, whereby conductor84 comprises a common ground conductor.

The operation of the structure of Figs. 1 through 5 will now bedescribed. The centrifugal clutch 61 may be of any conventional kind andis adjusted to be engaged whenever the engine 56 is operating at orabove a predeterrmined speed. This permits the engine to acceleratefreely until the predetermined engagement speed of the centrifugalclutch is reached. It is to be understood that normally, at thecommencement of operation, engagement of the cen trifugal clutch 6'! ismerely a preliminary step in operation since the vacuum controlledclutch 68 is normally disengaged. I

Through the remote manual switch means, heretofore referred to, theoperator of the ride may selectively engage and disengage the vacuum-controlled clutch 58 and the solenoid operated brake 10. Assuming arelatively gradual engagement of clutch "l0 and a consequent relativelygradual acceleration of the chain and 46 and the connected passengercars 40 would be described or illusaboard any of trackway 3| between themerely revolve about the trackway 3| at a gradually accelerating rate ofspeed.

If, then, the operator energizes the solenoid 1| to apply brake I0,simultaneously or preliminarily disconnecting the engine 56 by releasingvacuum-controlled clutch 68, the relatively abrupt deceleration causesthe cars 40 and 46 to tend to and, in fact, to actually carry thetrackway 3| forwardly with them. This causes all of the frames 26 toswing forwardly in unison, simultaneously raising the trackway 3|without afiecting its concentricity. When the swinging reaches itsforward crest the operator may release the brake and backward swingingmay be augmented by simultaneously engaging the clutch 68 to rapidlyaccelerate the cars, since the reaction of the trackway to suchacceleration applies a rear- Ward swinging force to the frames 25.

When the backward swing of frames 25 has reached a peak, the operatormay add to the amplitude and Velocity of swinging :by releasing theclutch and reapplying the brake, whereby the momentum of the car mayaugment the full forward swing of the frames. The foregoing acceleratingand braking actions may be applied intermittently during swinging cyclesof the frames, as for instance during only the beginning and end of eachswing, to permit the cars to maintain a more constant normal velocity ingeneral.

Repetition of the foregoing deceleration and acceleration of the cars insuccessive swinging cycles of the frames will build up the amplitude ofsuch swinging and, being accompanied as it is by forward movement of thecars on the trackway at varying speeds, there is produced a. rolling orundulating generally forward motion which is of a highly novelcharacter.

The degree to which the amplitude of springing may be built up is notprecisely limited. As in the case of an ordinary childs swing thelimiting factor would be considerations of safety. As a practical matterthe compensating means including links 31 will be effective only betweencertain extreme limits which will determine the maximum possibleamplitude of swing.

In the form of the present ride shown in Figs. 6 and 7 the several carsare not themselves power driven and their rotation on the trackway isattained indirectly by imparting a positive driving oscillation to thesupporting frames. A better understanding of the mode of causingpropulsion of the passenger cars on the annular trackway in theconstruction of Figs. 6 and 7 will be had after a perusal of the ensuingdescription of the details of construction and operation. So far as theconstruction is the same as in the previously described modification,the following description will, for simplicity, be merely in generalterms.

As appears clearly in Fig. 6, an annular framework is provided which iscomposed of rigid triangular frame elements IIIU, each disposed in aradial plane with respect to the main vertical axis of the ride as awhole and interconnected and braced as in the case of Figs. 1 and 2. Aswinging frame IIII is supported by each frame element I as in thepreceding embodiment but in Fig. 6, the frame IIII has a rock shaft I02rigid therewith and extending into bearings I04 and I carried by theassociated frame element I00. The rock shaft I02 may be forciblyoscillated in any desired manner to swing the frame II.

In the ride of the embodiment now being described it is basically onlynecessary that one of the several frames IOI have a rockshaft I02 forpositive oscillation. The other swinging frames may be freely pivotallysuspended as in Fig. 2-. Since a rigid annular trackway I06 is connectedto the several frames I 0| in the same manner as described in connectionwith Figs. 1 through 5, such trackway will serve as a driver for thefreely pivoted frames IIJI and cause all of them to swing synchronouslywith the driven frame. However, to better distribute the variousstresses and the driving force, I presently propose positively andsynchronously driving two diametrically opposite frames IIII, theremainder being swung synchronously therewith through the interventionof the trackway I06.

While various alternative means may be employed, one suitable drivingarrangement for the frame I III is illustrated more or lessfragmentarily in Figs. 6 and 7. This arrangement comprises a reversibleelectric motor IIII, an automotive change-speed transmission III, and areducing gear box I I2 of conventional form for materially reducing therelatively high motor speed, even as modified by the transmission.

The final drive from the reducing gear is through a bevel gear II 4which meshes at opposite sides with a pair of coaxial bevel gears H5 andI I6 to rotate them in directions opposite to each other. The gears H5and II 6 are fixed to shafts III and II 8 journaled in bearings M9 andI20 supported on a common base element I2I which supports all of theforegoing driving instrumentalities.

The shafts II 1 and H8 extend radially outwardly, have flexiblecouplings I23 and, I 24 interposed therein, and terminate in universaljoints, the universal joint for shaft I I8 being designated I25 in Fig.6. The two frame elements I00 which have bearings I04 and I05 for therock shaft I02 also have lower bearings I28 and I29 which receive ashaft I36, the latter being engaged with the universal joint I25 forbeing driven from shaft H8 in the case of Fig. 6. The shafts I02 and I36are connected by a chain and sprocket drive I3I.

It will be seen from the foregoing that an operator may, by energizingmotor I III and periodically reversing its direction, cause the framesIIlI to swing in any desired degree of amplitude, the swinging of theframes and the trackway I06 being of the same fundamental character asthat produced in the form of ride shown in Figs. 1 through 5.

In Fig. 6 a passenger car I35 is shown schematically and has a dead axleI36 secured against rotation. Wheels I31 mounted on axle I36 embodyfree-wheeling clutch means of any desired conventional form, the detailsof which are not illustrated and many optional forms will occur readilyto those skilled in the art. Sufiice it to say that the wheels I31 arefree to rotate on axle I36 in a forward direction, which may be awayfrom the observer as viewed in Fig. 6, but are not susceptible ofrotation in the opposite direction on axle I36.

In the ride of Figs. 6 and 7 the pasengercars I35 are merely mounted onrails I40 secured to the trackway I66, with no further drivingconnections and without the necessity for a pulling or propelling car orother equivalent means. Movement of cars I35 about the trackway isproduced solely through inertia or momentum forces derived from theswinging of frames IIII which is produced through alternate reverserotation of the driving motor -I I0.

When the frames IIII and the trackway I06 7 swing forwardly, directionof movementof *car's I35 'o'n the'trackway, the cars are carriedtherewith owing. to the inability of the wheels T3! to rotate reversely.The cars are thus given However, as the forward swinging of frames Ifllslows and ceases, the cars continue to roll forward 'freely under themomentum which they have acquired.

Reverse swinging of the .frames NH thus has no effect on the forwardmovement of cars 135., which merely lower and raise during. such reverseswinging, wherebyt'h'ey have thesame rollin forward movement as in thefirst "described embodiment. The next successiveforw'ard swing of theframes H31 will rea'ccelerate the cars 135, assuming they havedecreas'edspeed due tofr ictional losses, and, if the velocity or -the swinging beaccelerated, will further accelerate the cars. The forward speed of carsI35 is thus dependent upon the speed and amplitude of swinging or theframes fill which in turn is directly under the control of the rideoperator, who may vary the intervals of reversal of 'motor I f0, and whomay also shift the transmission III to a higher speed ratio as faster,wider-amplitude operation is feasible.

What is claimed is:

V 1. In an amusement ride, a circular tra'ckway,

a plurality of eircumferentially spaced depending supports arranged forswinging movements in planes generally following the circular extent ofsaid trackway, said circular trackway being supported by the lowerportions of the depending supports whereby synchronous swinging of theseveral supports alternately raises and lowers the trackway, and carmeans mounted for movement along the trackway.

2. In an amusement ride, a circular trackway, a plurality of circurnferentially spaced depending supports arranged for swinging movementsin planes generally following the circular extent of said trackway, saidcircular trackway being supported by the lower portions of the dependingsupports whereby synchronous swinging of the several supportsalternately raises and lowers the'trackway, and car means mounted formovement along the trackway, and power means for swinging said supportswhereby said car means is alternatelyraised and lowered during movementabout the trackway.

3. In an amusement ride, a circular track'way, a plurality ofcircumferentially spaced depending supports arranged for swingingmovements in planes generally following the circular extent of saidtrackway, said circular trackw ay being supported by the lower portionsoi the depending supports whereby synchronous swinging of the severalsupports alternately raises and lowers the trackway, and car meansmounted for movement along the trackway, power means for swinging saidsupports to alternately raise and lower the trackway and said car means,and a uni-directional driving connection between said trackway and saidcar means whereby swinging of said supports causes the car means torotate about the trackway in one direction.

4. In an amusement ride, a circular 'trackway, a plurality of'circumferentially spaced depending supports arranged for swingingmovements in planes generally following the circular extent of saidtrackway, said circular trackway being supported by the lower portionsof the depending supports whereby synchronous swinging of the severalsupports alternately raises and lowers the with respect to the desired aforward acceleration.

8 trackway, and drive means for variably propelling the car meansonsa-id trackway wherebyalternate positive and negative. accelerationthereof cau'sesaswinging of said supports through the momentum of thecar means. '5. In an amusement ride, an elevated support comprising aplurality of bearings having their.

axes radiating from-a common center, arm means depending from saidbearings for swingingv move-v ment whereby the lower portions of theseveral arm means swing in paths lying generally along a commoncircumference, a circular trackway concentric with such circumferenceand supported by the lower portions of the arm means, wherebysynchronous swinging movement of the several arm means alternatelyraises and lowers "the trackway, and apassenger car mounted formoveement along the trackway.

6. In an amusement ride, an elevated support comprising a plurality ofbearings having their axes radiating from a common center, arm meansdepending from said bearings for swinging movement whereby the lowerportions of the several arm means swing in paths lying generally along acommon circumference, a circular trackway. concentric with suchcircumference and supported by the lower portions of the arm means;whereby synchronous swinging movement of the several arm meansalternately raises and lowers the trackway, a passenger car mounted formovement along the trackway, and power means for swingingsaid arm meanswhereby said car is alternately raised and lowered during movement aboutthe trackway.

7. In an amusement ride, an elevated support comprising a plurality ofbearings having their axes radiating from a common center, arm meansdepending from said bearings for swinging move ment whereby the lowerportions of the several arm means swing in paths lying generally along acommon circumference, a circular trackway concentric with suchcircumference and supported by the lower portions of the arm means,whereby synchronous swinging mo'vementof the several arm meansalternately raises and lowers the trackway, power means for swingingsaid arm means to alternately raise and lower said trackway and saidcar, and a uni-directional driving connection'between said trackway andsaid car whereby swinging of said arm means causes the car to rotateabout the trackway in onedirection.

'8. In an amusement ride, an elevated support comprising a plurality ofbearings having their axes radiating from a common center, arm meansdependingfrom'said bearings for swinging movement whereby the lowerportions of the several arm means swing in pathslying generally along acommon circumference, a circular trackway concentric with suchcircumference and supported by the lower portionso'f the armineans,whereby synchronous swinging movement of the several arm meansalternately raises and lowers the track'way, a passenger car mounted formovement along the trackwa'y, and drive'means for variably propellingthe car means on said trackway whereby alternate positive and negativeacceleration thereof causes swinging of said arm means through momentumforce's.v

9. In an amusement ride, a circular trackwa'y, oar means, and meansmounting the car means for movement guidedly about the trackway, saidtrackway being mounted for oscillation about its central substantiallyvertical axis, drive means for so oscillating the trackway, anduni-directi'onal wheel means associated with said a car mounting means,whereby oscillation of said trackway causes the car means to rotateabout the trackway substantially continuously in one direction.

10. In an amusement ride, a circular trackway, car means, and meansmounting the car means for movement about the trackway, said trackwaybeing mounted for oscillation about its central substantially verticalaxis, and drive means for variably propelling the car means on saidtrackway whereby alternate positive and negative ac-, celeration of saidcar means causes oscillation of the trackway through the momentum of thecar means.

11. In an amusement ride, a circular trackway, car means, and meansmounting the car means for movement guidedly about the trackway, saidtrackway being mounted for oscillating movement about its centralsubstantially vertical axis, said mounting means including tractionwheels, means providing for rotative movement of said car means in butone direction on and relative to said trackway, and motive means forselectively and variably effecting one of said movements whereby theother movement is concomitantly produced through inertia forces.

12. In an amusement ride, a circular trackway, a plurality ofcircumferentially spaced depending supports arrangedfor swingingmovements in planes generally following the circular extent of saidtrackway, a circular trackway concentric with such circumference andsupported by the lower portions of the depending supports wherebysynchronous swinging of the several supports alternately raises andlowers the trackway, prime mover means associated with said car means,clutch and brake means therefor, and clutch and brake control meanswhereby an operator may selectively accelerate said car means positivelyand negatively to swing said supports.

13. In an amusement ride, a circular trackway, a plurality ofcircumferentially spaced depending supports arranged for swingingmovements in planes generally following the circular extent of saidtrackway, a circular trackway concentric with such circumference andsupported by the lower portions of the depending supports wherebysynchronous swinging of the several supports alternately raises andlowers the trackway, prime mover means associated with said car means,clutch and brake means therefor, and clutch and brake control meansdisposed remotely from said car means whereby an operator removed fromthe car means and trackway may selectively accelerate said car meanspositively and negatively to swing said supports.

14. In an amusement ride, a circular trackway, means for supporting saidtrackway in a predetermined normal position and for guiding the same tomove upwardly upon rotation thereof from normal position, and car meansmovable on said trackway and operable to move said track.- way rotatablyupwardly by change of velocity of the car means reacting on saidtrackway.

15. In an amusement ride, a circular trackway, means for supporting saidtrackway in a predetermined normal position and for guiding the same tomove upwardly upon rotation thereof from normal position, car meansmovable about said trackway, and drive means for intermittently applyingrotational forces to said trackway to cause the car means to raise andlower during movement thereof along said trackway.

16. In an amusement ride, a circular trackway, a plurality ofcircumferentially spaced depending supports arranged for swingingmovements in planes generally following the circular extent of saidtrackway, a circular trackway concentric with such cincumference andsupported by the lower portions of the depending supports wherebysynchronous swinging of the several supports alternately raises andlowers the trackway, and reversible motor means operatively engaging oneof said supports for selectively applying variable swinging forcesthereto.

17. In an amusement ride, a circular trackway, a plurality ofcircumferentially spaced depending supports arranged for swingingmovements in planes generally following the circular extent of saidtrackway, a circular trackway concentric with such circumference andsupported by the lower portions of the depending supports wherebysynchronous swinging of the several supports alternately raises andlowers the trackway, and a uni-directional driving connection betweensaid trackway and said car means whereby swinging of said supportscauses the car means to rotate about the trackway in one direction.

NORMAN BARTLETT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,044,391 Jones Nov. 12, 1912496,759 Timby May 2, 1893 739,691 Manig Sept. 22,1903

